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Basic Principle (under construction)
Basic Principle (under construction)
Osteoporosis is an age related decrease in bone mineral density of bone where there is thining of the trabecule of the cancellous bone but not the decrease in number of trabecule . This result in fragility fractures in areas where cancellous bone dominent such as the methaphysis and the femeoral neck. There is also thinning of cortical walls but fragility fractures do not usually occure in diaphyseal bone.
Osteoporosis is an age related decrease in bone mineral density of bone where there is thining of the trabecule of the cancellous bone but not the decrease in number of trabecule . This result in fragility fractures in areas where cancellous bone dominent such as the methaphysis and the femeoral neck. There is also thinning of cortical walls but fragility fractures do not usually occure in diaphyseal bone.
Presentation
Presentation
Osteoporosis is by and large a silent condition in the elderly post menupausal female. It usually present as a fragility fracture.
Osteoporosis is by and large a silent condition in the elderly post menupausal female. It usually present as a fragility fracture.
Fragility fractures occur most commonly in areas where bone are predominantly cancellous bone such as the metaphysis (distal radius), femoral neck. The common fragility fractures are:
Fragility fractures occur most commonly in areas where bone are predominantly cancellous bone such as the metaphysis (distal radius), femoral neck. The common fragility fractures are:
-------Student answer--------
Modifiable risk factors include smoking, excessive alcohol.
Osteoblasts are involved in bone forming by laying down osteoid which then mineralise to bone
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- Distal Radius fractures (Colles Fractures)
- Midshaft fractures of both bones of the forearm treated with closed reduction
- Closed reduction of supracondylar fracture with percutanous pinning and immobilized in acute flexion thus kinking the brachial artery leading to ischemia of the muscles of the firearm.
A) What is the definition of osteoporosis? (4 marks)
- Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease (1 mark)
- Characterized by low bone mass (1 mark)
- microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue (1 mark)
- Leading to increased fragility and fracture risk (1 mark)
- T- score < -2.5 (1 mark)
- (Max 4 marks)
B) Compare and contrast the types of primary osteoporosis. (4 marks)
Answer:
C) What is the function of osteoclasts? (1 mark)
- Bone resorption (1 mark)
D) What is the function of osteoblasts? (1 mark)
- Bone formation (1 mark
A) What is the definition of osteoporosis? (4 marks)
- Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease (1 mark)
- Characterized by low bone mass (1 mark)
- microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue (1 mark)
- Leading to increased fragility and fracture risk (1 mark)
- T- score < -2.5 (1 mark)
- (Max 4 marks)
B) Compare and contrast the types of primary osteoporosis. (4 marks)
Answer:
C) What is the function of osteoclasts? (1 mark)
- Bone resorption (1 mark)
D) What is the function of osteoblasts? (1 mark)
- Bone formation (1 mark
There are two types of Primary Osteoporosis
There are two types of Primary Osteoporosis
Type 1: Post menopausal Type 2: Senile
Type 1: Post menopausal Type 2: Senile
Age: Between 55 - 70 70 and over
Age: Between 55 - 70 70 and over
Sex: Female Male and Fremale
Sex: Female Male and Fremale
Bone affected: Trabecular Trabecular and Cortical
Bone affected: Trabecular Trabecular and Cortical
Common : Vertebra, Distal Radius Hip Fractures
Associated
Fractures
Common : Vertebra, Distal Radius Hip Fractures
Associated
Fractures
Student answer:
1. without a change in the outer morphology of the bone.
2. Medications that improve bone turnover rate and are anabolic can also be given such as teriparatide.
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Describe the treatment for associated medical condition. (4 marks)
1) Identify and reduce the risk factors
2) Vit D
3) Calcium
4) Bisphosphonate
5) Calcitonin
6) Denosumab
(Any 4, 1 mark each)
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